T. S. Eliot Biography Essay Example For Students

T. S. Eliot Biography Essay T. S. Eliot was a very influential pessimist, always and constantly thriving on his hatred of little things and his love life. Eliot was born in St. Louis Missouri 1888 ad. His parents were both writers and loved the arts, most effectively passing on the genes to their son. While growing up he learned many things, his parents were extremely social and intellectual and they pushed him to achieve the highest of statuses. He went to college at Harvard University and then moved to London to go to Oxford. He then became a citizen of England in 1915. While in England Eliot held many jobs to keep the payments on his 5th floor English apartment and his college tuition. Eliot quickly became popular with Britain and was known as a great poet and a literal critic. Eliot is best known for two of his works: The Waste Land (1922) and The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock (1915). Actually the Love song is the beginning of the Waste Land. The Waste Land is in 5 parts, so it is more of a story in poetical form. In the Love Song, Eliot actually sounds a bit like a optimist, quite frankly though his own waste landsteps in half way through. We will write a custom essay on T. S. Eliot Biography specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This is his only poetic work I like. But it will never be at the top of any of my lists. In this song , JAP (J. Alfred Prufrock) is writing a letter to his honey, the girl he is in love with. In this poem Eliot uses a lot of visual imagery, he is very good with his adjectives and brings such a happy correlation of thought into a grim reality he would call his Waste Land. He talks of how : In the room the women come and go Talking of Michelangelo. TLSJAP stanza 13 and 14 It has been my thought that this may signify his type. Eliot, again was an intellectual and then o he would most likely hang out where the smart people were and get away from: Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels And sawdust restaurant with oyster-shells: Streets that follow like a tedious argument Of insidious intent. stanzas 6-9 He actually gives the evidence to where he found his women, and how he likes to stroll through the outdoors and ending up in places of eloquence, and High Society. Even though he had a medium amount of money. He was still accepted in places for lower pay because of his high intelligence and the intelligence of his women. People enjoyed his company. He goes on alking about how there will always be time for us referring to the love that which he shares for her, and that there will always be time for things, but letting each other look at the joy as present and the escape from his Waste Land. He goes on in stanza 37 48 telling how they would grow old together, while still with the people that surround them that they love so dearly. He then tells of how he knows things and how life always goes (evidence of realism) in stanzas 49 54. Now here you can start to sense his pessimistic side shed a bit, talking of the: To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ays, And how should I presume? Stanza 60 61 Of course I guess you could take that as a repentance line but, I dont think so, lets go on. From stanzas 70 86 it shows what I think is his deep side and talking as if he were actually a Realist which he probably was, at least to me. He humbles himself a great deal , which is good , but talks of how things slowly fade , referring a lot to his baldness and how age takes a toll on relationships. This is my favorite part of the poem, because he brings you into his soul, not just letting you taste the action . I feel that this is how he lived life. .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9 , .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9 .postImageUrl , .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9 , .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9:hover , .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9:visited , .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9:active { border:0!important; } .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9:active , .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9 .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0cc3c52f5e0af8f096ac506051c7d4a9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Modern day Americ EssayAlways leaving people to taste the good stuff around him but behind his eyes ly his brain and behind his brain his heart and when his company least expected it, I could see him waving his hands and saying, Come all! Come! Come! come and feel my pain come and pity me come and think I am humble.. even though I dont care much of any of you. That is the picture I get of JAP who is also Eliot, in life, but yet his background, his unnoticeable conscience. In stanza 87 98 he speaks of his anxiousness to ask people into his Waste land , is wanting to let them see his truth. Then he tries to cover for himself by saying: Should I say: That is not what I meant at all, That is not it, at all. stanzas 97 98 In stanzas 119 and finishing the poem at 131 he ends off, sorry to say, in a pessimistic tone of self pity and morbidity. He talks about his age weighing on his soul and never being what he wants to look like in the eyes of others and his eagerness in death by saying: We have lingered in the chambers of the sea By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown Till human voices wake us, and we drown. anzas 129 131 That is a great background on how Eliot viewed life. Realistically and fading into the distance with love meaning nothing at all. Well, on to what is called T. S. Eliots Waste Land. To brief you on my thoughts I very much dislike this poem for many reason which will be laid out in the next couple paragraphs. The poem is simply a look in to the soul of Eliot, a man with great writing capabilities but uses them for the pleasure of striking his en emy and hiding the truth without being up-front, using stories of ancient myths in German and Latin to convey his apathy. Eliot throughout this whole poems loves to mock and scorn his ex-wife. Her sexual desire he could not satisfy and whose love he cannot return. T. S. Eliots Waste land. Page 98 by: James E. Miller. Jr. He uses many sexually explicit gestures in the writing because that was the only way his fantasies could be met through writing. I think the man is sick, hes full of crap! Eric Paoletti But he reveals his hatred toward her in these lines: More sinned against than sinning , bruised and marred, The lazy laughing Jenny of the Bard. The same eternal and consuming itch Can make a martyr and a onsuming bitch) There is much more but as you can see not very appropriate at all. Again this man won a Nobel Prize and was loved by Americans and the English. How on Earth did he achieve that? Probably because that is what the world is hungry for. Explains acts of fantasizing date rape and the hatred of his wife that he loved so much in the Love Letter, than leading into divorce. Overall if you ask m e, T. S. Eliot didnt need fame, fortune and the Nobel Prize. He needed serious mental help and most importantly, the God he talked of so vaguely throughout his writing.

Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company †Research Paper

Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company – Research Paper Free Online Research Papers The Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT) was started in the Philippines on November 28, 1928. The Philippines Legislature granted PLDT the franchise to establish and be able to operate telephone services, following the merger of 4 telephone companies under a common US ownership. It was in 1967 when General Telephone and Electronic Corporation sold PLDT to a group of Filipino businessmen. The Philippine government’s intention to integrate the Philippine telecommunications industry made way for PLDT to purchase the Republic Telephone Company in 1981. Now, PLDT is the leader in providing telecommunication services in the country. The company’s business can be divided into three main business areas: fixed line, wireless, and information and communication technology. The fixed line business provides local calls, national and international long distance services, which operates around 2.1 million access lines. The wireless segment provides cellular, satellite, and VSAT services. PLDT provides cellular services through SMART, while Piltel is a reseller of SMART’s digital GSM capacity under its own branding and pricing strategy for both voice and text messaging services. The information and communication technology provides solutions for internet applications and multimedia content delivery, with use of internet protocol-based solutions. The internet access are provided by Infocom – a subsidiary of ePLDT. And other investees of ePLDT provide e-commerce, call centers, and other IT-related services. Common shares of PLDT are listed and traded on the Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE). These are also listed and traded on the American Stock Exchange and Pacific Exchange in the US, prior to October 19, 1994. During October 19, 1994, American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), were issued with each American Depositary Share (ADS) that represented one PLDT common share. The ADSs are listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Pacific Exchange in the US. II. Statement of the Problem What actions can PLDT take to sustain their position and maintain their current market? III. Objectives To study how the company reached their success To identify strategies how the company can maintain the top position To suggest ways on how the company can improve existing services to the customers IV. Areas for Consideration STRENGTHS Owns top position – PLDT owns the top position in the Philippines for the telecoms industry. They initially provided fixed line to the Philippine market during the early times, and have now extended their market for wireless technology. By acquiring SMART as their wireless partner, they became the number 1 provider for wireless phones. As technology continued to boom, then came the internet, which started as dial-up connection and eventually produced the broadband connection, widely known as the DSL. Then came ePLDT, which stood as the technology arm of PLDT. ePLDT gave the answer to internet problems and also took the top position. Majority of Philippine market share – Having a wide range of products, from fixed line, wireless line, and internet connection, PLDT was able to capture majority of the Philippines market. PLDT holds the Philippine market for fixed line. By taking a gamble of getting SMART during the time when the GSM (Global Service for Mobile Communications) service and cellular market growth was still uncertain, they now earned the market for wireless lines, used of mobile phones, which accounts for 52% of PLDT Group’s revenues. As technology was taking over the public’s attention, PLDT also caught the market in broadband and narrowband internet. They launched the product Vibe for dial-up connections, and DSL for broadband connections. Industry specialists – With the long history and very vast knowledge in the industry, PLDT has invested on their people. As technology becomes more sophisticated, the company provided trainings to their employees to keep them up to date with the latest technologies and be at par or better than their competitors. PLDT provides training with a trainer and by use of online materials. National and global coverage – After successfully capturing majority of the market in the Philippines, PLDT decided to go global by expanding their market in Hong Kong. They launched the 1528 Smart to cater for the Filipino people in Hong Kong. This was a partnership of Hong Kong CSL Ltd and PLDT (HK) Ltd. It allows the Filipinos in Hong Kong to access Smart mobile services and content, which includes Smart Money, Smart Load, Smart Pasaload, and Smart Padala – the world’s first text-based remittance service. This also provides a cheaper rate for OFWs when they make long distance calls or send text messages to the Philippines. The cost is much cheaper by as much as 50% as compared to using foreign networks. Creative marketing strategies – PLDTs marketing proved to be one of the best by continuously coming out with new ideas to capture the Philippine market. Aside from the products that they already sell to customers, they think of ways on how they can satisfy the needs of the people by providing more reasonable and affordable rates and give chance to the less fortunate to experience the new technologies available in the market. Conquering the mass market – Most of the population in the Philippines represent the masses, so PLDT thought of ways to capture the mass market. With a wide range of products they can offer, they transformed them into smaller forms to make it more affordable to the majority of the public. For the fixed line, they came out with the â€Å"Telesulit†, which offered a prepaid version of the fixed line. This enabled PLDT to retain their customers who cannot afford the normal fixed line, and resulted to 33% more fixed line users from a year ago. For the Vibe, the dial-up internet connection service, they also offered a prepaid version, by allowing customers to purchase scratch card that contained the connection details, which only amounted to 100 and allows the customer to use 20 hours of internet. If we calculate it in a per minute basis, it only costs 8 cents per minute. Aside from the prepaid internet offered for the Vibe, it also has what they call the pay-per-surf. Using this kind of package, the customers will only pay for the minutes they use. For the wireless services, SMART introduced the Smart Load, which enabled the prepaid customers to make a reload for as low as 30 pesos (based on 2004 data). WEAKNESSES Customer service – When PLDT launched its Vibe and DSL products, which allowed customers to have a faster connection to the internet using broadband, there were a lot of complains regarding the service provided. Much of the complaints were because of the slow connection which didn’t meet the customer’s expectations. And that complaints made or reported were not attended at a reasonable time. This kind of situations may cause customers to decide and change their providers, who they believe are much better in providing the service needed. Foreign Investments – PLDT is very much exposed to the risk of peso weakness because 98% of its US$2.5 billion is denominated in foreign currency. Around half of the company’s total debt are covered by the US Dollar, which is equivalent to around USD$351 million. The risk of the depreciation of peso is mitigated by the linkage of about 40% of PLDT’s revenues to US dollar. Since about 18% of PLDT’s US dollar linked revenues are from the monthly charges payable by the postpaid fixed line customers, these monthly charges may increase if the peso depreciates. OPPORTUNITIES Venture for new technologies – Ideas of introducing a new technology to the market is a good move, especially if the product is very attracting to the public. People are very much interested for new products that are launched in the market, and how it can add do the current technology they are using. Being the very first to release a new technology will have a good chance of capturing the market sales, therefore increasing in customers and revenue. An example for this is the text messaging for mobile phones. Dropping prices of PC and laptops – As more and more people are turning into the computer business, it is predicted for prices of PCs and laptops to go down to affordable prices, as other computer manufacturing companies are trying to offer lower cost for these equipments. The more affordable these electronic equipments go, the more people will be willing to purchase one. And as more computers are sold, there will be a bigger demand for broadband service. Partnership with other establishments – With the internet becoming part of the everyday life nowadays, people are looking for ways to connect to the worldwide web wherever they go – restaurants, hotels, shopping malls, resorts, and other public places. Having a broadband socket or hotspot in place may attract more people in choosing this certain area other than their competitors. This may result for the establishment to gain more customers and at the same time, generate more revenues. THREATS Fixed line market drop – There are predictions that the fixed line market will drop as the future nears. With new communication technologies coming out at a very fast rate, the public are now considering of using those new technologies that offer more comfort and convenience. Even for PLDT, who holds the market for fixed line, may be affected of this drop in sales. Industry competitors – Presently, there are already different competitors providing the same services as PLDT and SMART have, not to mention other competitors that may still enter the playing field. If one of those competitors will be able to introduce a new product that may interest the public, then there’s a chance that customers will consider having a deal with those competitors. SWOT Diagram Strengths Weaknesses Owns top position in the industry Majority of Philippine market share Industry specialists National and global coverage Creative market strategies Conquering the mass market Customer service Foreign investments Opportunities Threats Venture for new technologies Dropping prices of PCs and laptops Partnership with other establishments Unstable Economy Fixed line market drop prediction Industry competitors PEST Analysis: POLITICAL PLDT evaluates the short and medium-term threats posed by government instability, adverse economic policy-making, deterioration in the business environment and external shocks. Risks PLDT assess explicit short and long-term risks to political stability; latest ratings, rankings and trends for the Philippines risk are compared with Asia regional and global averages. Current Administration and Policy-Making in the Philippines Threats to the continuity of Philippine economic policy would likely change the business operating environment. War Threats Continuous operations of the company may be interrupted due to this factor similar to what happened in 1942-46. ECONOMIC PLDT’s economic forecasts for the Philippines are key assumptions for the global economy covering growth, inflation, employment, trade and investment, interest and exchange rates. Stability and Exchange Rates The countrys per capita income has barely grown in the past 21 years. The per capita income of P12,913 in 2003 is only P318 higher than P12,595 in 1980. The value of the peso has depreciated by as much as 1,373 percent against the dollar. In line with their aim to ensure business stability to meet its debt reduction target, PLDT may be greatly affected when economy fluctuates more so of its balance debt as of 2003 of $2.5 billion dollars. Competitors Stiff competion. PLDT’s main competitors are Globe Telecom and Digitel in both the fixed-line and mobile (via Smarts competition with Globe) markets. Bayan Telecommunications (BayanTel) is also a major fixed-line competitor. SOCIAL PLDT assesses levels of transparency, flexibility of labor market, tax burden, infrastructure and IT, and trade liberalization in the Philippines Strain in Making Consumers Need the Product With PLDT’s diversified services and various products, several marketing strategies be develop in order to impose a greater impact in building the need to want the services and products being offered in the market. Position a Product That Caters to Various Market Segment In proportion to Philippines’ demography on income earners, PLDT needs to explore more on areas where possible consumers limits its purchase power to their level of income. TECHNOLOGICAL PLDT assesses development on technology, the effects from its these development and cost structure Fast Technological Change PLDT is faced with a constant threat of innovation to its products and services to keep up with the fast evolution of technology in order to sustain a competitive advantage in the market. Demand For Technological Change Would Redefine Cost Structure Cost is incurred in developing or adapting to new changes in technology. V. Alternative Course of Action For our Alternative Courses of Action we present the following: ACA #1: Improve PLDTs approach customer service Pros: The company will earn customer loyalty and confidence on their products. Having customer loyalty and confidence, the public will be the one to look for PLDT whenever a new product comes out. The company will not only gain sales through marketing and advertisement, word of mouth from these loyal customers will bring other customers who are new to the company’s product. Having a good branding on the public will make it easier for the company to sell their products if they release new ones in the future, because the people will have in mind that whatever they buy from PLDT, they can be sure that there will always be someone to support them in case they encounter any problems. Will avoid their existing Cons: Funds will be needed to hire more people to accommodate the numerous customers needing the service Employees who are less performing may be spotted when management looks closely to the performance of each member ACA #2: Acquire exclusive contracts with different establishments to provide broadband connection or other new products to be introduced, with a reasonable price for customers to pay Pros: The products of PLDT, like the DSL/broadband internet, can installed in the location of its partners, like hotels, resorts, restaurants, shopping malls, and other places where most of the people usually go. The broadband internet is quickly becoming one of the necessities, especially for working people. People who are not yet familiar with PLDT broadband will be introduced to the product. And if the public experiences the fast connection, they may also consider having that at their home. Or change their existing ones to PLDT As their product gets known to the people, PLDT will also earn from what is being charged from the customers for the use of broadband Cons: If the establishment doesn’t give a good impression to the public, then there will be lesser opportunities for the installed broadband to be exposed to the people PLDT needs to cash out some money to install the devices in those establishments and make sure that everything is well maintained and secured Market for other establishments with existing agreements with other competitors may no longer be available ACA #3: Introduce new technologies to the market Pros: PLDT will become the pioneer of the new product to be launched and will get the market for that new technology Employees and the company itself will be exposed to new technology and can prepare themselves more for the other technologies to come in the future, as technology evolves from one existing one to a new one Cons: Money needs to be spent for RD of new product and also to manufacture the new technology and to market the product Spending will also be necessary for training to be conducted to employees on how to handle the new technology If the new product launched doesn’t catch the interest of the public, the money spent on research and manufacturing will go waste Competitors will quickly think of ideas on how they can produce the same product or similar product with added functionalities ACA #4: Expanding of its fixed line and broadband network capability, coverage, and services Pros: PLDT will be able to reach areas where their services are not yet available. With this they further cement their hold on the market by gaining new customers and improving their existing services. With longer reach and a bigger share of the market, PLDT’s sustainability will increase. Also by improving existing services, they can maintain their hold on their current customers With expansion comes new opportunities and with it comes new jobs for Filipinos. PLDT can rehire those that have been retrenched before or even reach into our country’s pool of top talent. Cons: A significant amount of resources as well as research and development will be needed in order to achieve discernible results. A better monitoring system should be put in place especially since the new areas are a distance away from the mother office in metro manila. Therefore to maintain their outstanding quality certain monitoring practices should be developed. ACA #5: Setup partnership with computer companies to embed their microchips in laptops Pros: By tying up with certain computer companies PLDT can have these companies integrate their broadband roaming systems directly into the laptops. This should equate into a moderate profit for the company. Cheaper laptops? Cons: PLDT will have to pick their companies well, as competition is fierce in this industry. PLDT will have to devote time and money on developing new technology or improving on existing technology in order to make this happen. ACA #6: Provide free internet service for public schools and public hospitals Pros: PLDT will benefit from good publicity and gain positive news coverage, giving their shareholders more confidence and peace of mind.With this also comes an increase in customer loyalty. People will see that PLDT is not heartless company with just profit on their minds. By giving public schools access to the internet, With the breadth of information available on it, PLDT is providing for a now increasing need for e-learning. Further improving the Philippine Public school system in the process. Cons: Yet again a significant amount of funding will be needed, depending on the number of computers to be bought, not to mention the resources they are going to eat up by providing these public schools with free internet access. VI. Conclusion/Recommendation Conclusion Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT), together with SMART, is currently the country’s leader in the telecoms industry. Although that’s the case now, we may never know when one of their competitors will suddenly go pass them, or when a new competitor will come in to play. Without proper and well-planned short-term and long-term strategies, the company could lose its position in the market. As with their current products, they are currently the leader. But PLDT should not just reply on what products they have now or the scope of market they have. PLDT should also consider widening their span of customers. Having more opportunities of getting more customers to buy their products, the more they have the chance to make their profits grow. When they earn much more, the company will be able to plan for more programs or projects to promote to the public. These new projects may result to more expansion or introduction of new products that may capture the public’s attention. In order to continue and secure their market position, PLDT would need to make the necessary means to make their customers always satisfied with their products and the services that they provide. Recommendation The group ultimately believes that in order for PLDT to thrive in the competitive world of telecoms, they must focus on 3 main aspects of the business: customer service/logistics improvement (ACA #1), new technology introduction (ACA #3) and expansion of current products (ACA#4). The most important of the ACAs chosen is ACA#1. Before the company can even do expansions or introduce new products, they should first evaluate and improve their current customer service. Customers will not continue with deals with PLDT if they don’t get enough support in cases they encounter problems with their products. To get retain the loyalty of the customers, the company should provide a better quality of service. When the customer service (ACA#1) is stable, PLDT can now focus on doing ACA#4 – expansion of current products. We believe that PLDT has not penetrated most areas in the country for their broadband services. With the ongoing positive trend for broadband, they should explore untapped markets and regions to generate more profit and sustain their leadership in the telecom industry. This move can give PLDT more customers from other provinces of the Philippines. But it is important for PLDT to put up a strong infrastructure of expansion, as not to get bad criticisms, especially from the new customers. In time, PLDT can also consider offering an edge over the others and bring customer satisfaction to a new level by improving their customers’ experience and offering something new (ACA#3). People of this generation are very much interested in new products and technologies. They always thrive for new things and ideas that can help make their lives easier. Being the 1st one to introduce something in the Philippines will help them catch majority of the market. But in implementing these recommendations, PLDT should consider their budget. They should plan every idea carefully, that they will have proper funding to complete the whole project. The company should look at all possible options and risks that may negatively affect them, before finalizing any decisions. VII. Implementation Plan VIII. References PLDT Thinking Ahead fujitsu.com/ph/casestudies/pldt.html PLDT keeps eye on prices of PCs for opportunities sunstar.com.ph/static/ceb/2006/01/14/bus/pldt.keeps.eye.on.prices.of.pcs.for.opportunities..html PLDT’s eLearning Experience: Riding the Wave with LearNET! http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:rRwjHAY9YckJ:www.ijcim.th.org/v12n2/pdf/p105-110-Kibanoff_pldt-LearNet.pdf+pldt+training+employeehl=tlct=clnkcd=1gl=ph Philippine Long Distance Telephone (PLDT) Company Intelligence Report the-infoshop.com/study/iti29928-philippine-l-d-telephon.html GOOD NEWS FOR OFWs: SMART COMMUNICATIONS GOING GLOBAL WITH PLDT newsflash.org/2004/02/be/be002921.htm PLDT’s Php10/call Permanent PLDTs Php10/call permanent Lousy PLDT DSL Service pinoytechblog.com/archives/lousy-pldt-dsl-service?cp=23 PLDT’s ID-DSL Service PLDTs ID-DSL Service A complaint to PLDT petitiononline.com/pldtdsl/petition.html PLDT DSL Sucks PLDT DSL Sucks! PLDT DSL Problems http://bleuken.i.ph/blogs/bleuken/?p=160 Time to Redefine Telecom broadband-internet.mangusts.com/11968.php Business Satellite Internet Products Compared 2005 broadband-internet.mangusts.com/18390.php secinfo.com/d2CA9.z19.htm pldt.com.ph/prod-serv/business/pldtport.htm pldtvibe.com/ http://smart.com.ph/pinoy/svcofw_1528.htm computerbusinessreview.com/companyprofile.asp?guid=BD00FAD9-2B7B-46E3-8FB4-FCF0C7877890CType=Background http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_Internet_access Research Papers on Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company - Research PaperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductTwilight of the UAWInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfDefinition of Export Quotas

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 21

Reaction paper - Essay Example American opposition argued that those people who had stay in Britain already for a long period of time had adequate understanding of states’ needs. Thus, in Article I Section 2 of the Constitution the attention is paid on defining candidates who are permitted to be elected to represent American states in the Congress (â€Å"Transcript of Constitution†). Special Section 4 is devoted to local elections of state senators to be sure there are actual representatives of a public will on all levels of governmental hierarchy (â€Å"Transcript of Constitution†). Another important consern of the pre-revolutionary time was a question of taxation. It embodied American opposition’s general worries that laws and obligations for colonial citizens are established only by up-high authority, the British monarchy, without considering American point of view. Thus, to prevent a monarchy-like governmental system in future, and instead, to establish a democratic federative union, Section 7 and Section 8 in Article I correspondently regulate the law making powers of U.S. President and determines powers which the Congress shall have (â€Å"Transcript of Constitution†). Also with a view of a recent relief from the British patronage, Article IV Section 3 proclaims the Congress’ control and ban of a new state formation and any other unions’ formation (â€Å"Transcript of Constitution†). Thus, despite the social and political uncertainty, which according to J. J. Ellis, â€Å"was the dominant mood at that moment†, the Constitution points were quite logical with a view of timely national concerns (Ellis 9). Even the most argued and critiqued nowadays law on â€Å"keeping and bearing arms† was historically reasoned (â€Å"Transcript of Bill of Rights†). The fact was that in pre-revolutionary time America experienced a military presentence of British contingent which represented a militia, and American

Values and Democracy (Politics) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Values and Democracy (Politics) - Essay Example Even though regular elections are, according to Beetham (1992), ‘a continuous discipline on the elected to take constant notice of public opinion’ (ibid, p. 47), the dictate that politicians take pleasure from is the fact that citizens have very little influence on political decisions made in their behalf. The core argument of this essay is that in order to justify the diversity of environmental values and the dedication of citizens, the process of decision making should be to improve and endorse democratic participation. In order to do this, this essay will compare and contrast the relationship of environmental values and democracy in four countries, namely, The United States, Great Britain, Russia, and China: the former two countries being highly democratic while the latter two being less democratic. As reported by the Brundtland Commission, an environmental right should state that â€Å"all human beings have the fundamental right to an environment adequate for their health and well being† (Smith 2003, 104). ... 216). Democracy should be concerned with the composition of the constitution, since the effect of rights is experienced all over the legal, political, and moral areas. Several theories have been used for establishing environmental values (Carrow et al. 1998). Eckersley (1996) sums up the environmental challenge to democratic ideas of rights by saying that the democratic explanation of the moral interest of protection and independence from control needs consideration of the physical situations of its use. As argued by Eckersley (1996), â€Å"we must accord the same moral priority to the material conditions (including bodily and ecological conditions) that enable that autonomy to be exercised† (ibid, p. 223). Environmental values, however, conflicts with the democracy. Yet, the statements above show that ecological values and particular democratic rights are in fact connected. As stated by Saward (1996), â€Å"Rather than being something outside the purview of democratic theory , core environmental concerns are part of it† (ibid, p. 88). The following section will show the connection (or conflict) between environmental values and democracy in four countries, the US, the UK, China, and Russia. Environmental Values and Democracy If one looks at the political guidelines for the environment of the US and the UK, which are highly democratic societies, a particular problem appears as the clearest feature of the political practices, which is shown in their regulations. The problem has its source in knowledge of democracy that respects the involvement of citizens in decision making process to be a must. As shown by this idea, citizens should be given the right to express his/her opinion of and interest

History Essay about Apartheid

History Essay about Apartheid Following the stretched history of Europes imperialism, the 1948s National Party election ushered in a novel historical dispensation in the South African social, political as well as economic landscapes. The national party intensified and officialised the apparatus of racial segregation under both the British and the Dutch rule. As noted by Ayittey (1996), the coalition which constituted the national party in addition to other consequent South African governments standardized separatist directive which resulted in the effectual categorization of persons according to races. The organization was planned in a way such that the White minority marginalised the black majority to its management in a deceitful system well-known jointly as apartheid. The existence of the dispensation placed the white minority on a favourable platform than their black majority counterparts. The ruling white minority and who were at the top of the hierarchy in the South African society controlled the social-eco nomic affairs as well as the political arena. Ayietty (1996) took note of the fact that the white acquired all the positions that ensured that they sustained and fully enjoyed the proceeds of the countrys industrialization whilst the black majority lurched in scarcity and estrangement in the margins of a racist and devious regime. In addition, Esler (1996) discovered that while the white minority had full access to a high standard of life similar to that of developed countries, the black majority lingered in the sphere of mediocre education, poverty, in addition to pitiable living standards. This situation in all aspects of life led to the prevalence of low life expectancy among the blacks. South Africa had simply turned into a state that was governed by following the propositions of the whites-only referendum. Subsequently, South Africa split up from other former colonies including the Commonwealth group of British colonies. Apartheid was an ostracized political dogma which was out rightly destined in the whole world, Esler (1996) pointed out that apartheid was set up at a time when the human race had already gone through the impact of imperialism and racial discrimination culminating from the devious slavery system in America as well as the scramble for Africa. The instruments of apartheid led to isolation a nd the divestment South Africa from conventional global doings in political social as well as economic realms. The separatist and racist apartheid legislations ensured that the blacks remained at the margins of the major economic activity. On the other hand, the enacted coterie of pass legislations made it hard for the blacks majority to have access to the income generating opportunities as well as well-paid jobs in the white zones. A statement by Jean (1989) reveals that the apartheid regime made it nearly impossible and difficult for the blacks to be involved in any economic activity. For instance, most women who attempted venturing into commercial beer brewing were often raided by the police and labelled as deviants. (Op.cit) indication to the economic control imposed on women by the apartheid system was the actuality that the existence of women in towns was illegal in the authoritarian assertion of pass laws. In addition, Black men were also barred from making a living in the desirable White Zones A considerable percentage of blacks were employed in the farms owned by the whites where earnings were astonishingly low. Entrance to towns where one could have landed on a lucrative job or even better income earning prospects was closely safeguarded by the racially prejudiced regime through the implementation of stringent pass laws. The pass laws were accompanied by an endorsement in and endorsement out clause. The part was set for use by employers who in return use the clause while condemning or recommending pass holders. Subsequently, the stage administering the economic indulgence constrained the blacks to deprived rural areas identified then as Bantustans. Numerous of these reserves were supposed to be in premeditated poverty by way of prohibiting access to private possessions as part of the invasive feint customized to gag the economic opulence of black South Africans. The condition of the pass laws created for the black South Africans was part of a holistic ruse to influence the capitalist method on cheap labour. The establishment and enactment of Pass laws made it possible for the regime to incarcerate most of the black South Africans to stations where human labour was required the most like in the farms. The circumstances came with substantial law pass linked arrests in urban areas where criminals were ferried to white farms to be used as prison labourers. Verwoerd delineated that controls regarding emigration had to be stiffened to avert manpower from departing the white farming areas and instead turn into loafers in the city. (Hayward Jean 1989) One illuminate societal impact of apartheid in South Africa was its considerable effect on women. Women endured the dual brunt of gender segregation as well as racial discrimination. According to Lowis (1996), the oppression of black women was dissimilar from the type of repression directed at men. Women under apartheid had no rights (Lowis, 1996). The researcher underscores that in the profound hand of apartheid women were not allowed to access education, they had neither rights to own property nor any legal rights. Several black women had found their only financial consolation in mean jobs as either domestic workers or in the farms for meagre wages. The majority of the women had to undergo the depressing reality of horrible poverty which increased the death rate of children who heavily suffered from malnutrition. On the public facade, one main feature of the deceitful system of apartheid was the stratification and classification of people as per their respective races. Legislations such as the Population Registration Act of 1950 were enacted to assist in the categorization of all South African citizens with respect to their race. The major Classifications recognized consisted of the Whites, the Black as well as the coloured. From a different front the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act of 1953 was used to create split public facilities for use by both the blacks and the whites. This was the driving force of the apartheid philosophy which supported the racial differences as the source for nationalist economic social, as well as political policies. Sebastian (1992) highlights that the execution of the apartheid system supposed that South Africa was the first state in the world to legalize racism. In addition, Sebastian (1992) alluded to apartheid as a very repressive system that was intended to be a tool for overbearing the economic lives of all the black individuals as well as their respective physical locality. The writer notes anyone found without an approved job would be relocated off the urban or white zones. This resulted in a scenario where blacks working in urban areas lived as annual immigrants. The black were required to subsist in two different worlds where they may possibly just live with their families in remote rural area on one occasion in a long while and then travel into urban areas for over eleven months to fend for their relatives in the city, in the mines or in the mines. On the worldwide collective dais, the organization of apartheid in South Africa led to the seclusion of South Africa in worldwide sport in the mid 1950s. It should be highlighted that apartheid barred multiracial sport which had the implication that South Africa could not take part in international teams as these teams consisted of numerous races. Demands from associations such as the Non-Racial South African Sport Association put pressure on South Africa. The association made efforts and lobbied the International Committee to put weight on the South African government to influence and rectify its racial sports policies and institutions. The xenophobic antics of the apartheid were propagated and local as well as international pressure groups pushed for more efficient seclusion of South Africa. The apartheid ploy comprised of a coterie of incorporated financial and political procedures harmonized by societal strategies modified to incarcerate the black mainstream to environs of the South Africa culture. The pass regulations ended in a methodical demolition of the family component as well as the whole cultural and societal structure of the black preponderance. The popularity of felony in the slums is strongly linked with adverse state of affairs in which children are brought by principally struggling single parents, especially mothers, dwelling in the slums where the regulative father facet is constantly absent. Mermelstein David (1987) points out that a major aspect that served as a profound blow to the black community was the element of education. The blacks were supplied with a doctored Bantu learning syllabus which simply equipped the black to minister to the consumerist desires of their white masters. The definite form of education prospectus crafted in forged means to maintain blacks at the overhaul of their white masters meant that learning was not compulsory and as essential as was the case for white children. The issue policies in significant subjects for instance science, math and languages made the blacks linger in restricted profession prospects with inability to contend with their white counterparts. The education catastrophe was exasperated by University isolation which was executed in 1959 to capitulate devastating results for the blacks. Mermelstein David (1987) commented that the effects of schooling strategies are far severe than the situation tinted by South Africas school turnout and literacy facts. The researcher declares that the majority of the South Africans supposedly learned are in actuality functionally ignorant from a developed functionality perception whereas scores of those scheduled as attending school create negligible advancementÂÂ  over the years due to stumpy turnout and pass statistics. The doctored apartheid informative strategy not only dented the black societal framework but also damaged the apartheid financial system and fashioned restraining vicinities which were not in cycle with formation of a pulsating autonomous financial system. Mermelstein David (1987) explains that Apartheid teaching guidelines resulted in locating back human resource formation past a distinct generation which consequently fashioned the most essential of all financial limitations on the outlook and prediction of the advancement and growth of the state financial system and independentÂÂ  society in general. Albert Luthuli was the initial leader of black emancipation faction the African National Congress from the year 1925 to 1960. The black association idol was awarded a Nobel Peace reward for the responsibility that he cooperated in combating ethnic brutality in the 1960s. The resistance was fought from assorted angles attributing diverse conquerors at diverse intonations of the fig ht back which terminated in the voting of the ANC into authority in 1994 at the time Nelson Mandela turned out to be the earliest black president of South Africa. The Apartheid system restricted blacks in the echelon of tyranny by endorsing regulations to prohibit the dispute of blacks against the ills of the status quo. The nationwide labour decree for example was propagated to limit blacks and the citizens of colour from objecting the performance of the indigenous labour Act of 1953. In the principle of the Act Suckling, John et al (1988) remarks that the regimes administrators were given the authority to proclaim states of emergency and augment the forms of punishment that the administration were to impose. One such extraordinary state of emergency transpired at Sharpeville where almost 69 blacks died in a brutal spar amid the state military and the black protestors. The apartheid government had numerous grasps on the societal lives of the blacks. Suckling John et al (1988) comments that the rules which explicitly dealt with individual privileges necessitated that couples get country consent prior to living jointly. State establishments would either award or deny the rights of the black couples for feeble explanations frequently found on what the country usually deemed to be surplus blacks. Under the individual decrees families considered as excess were thrown out of the Bantustans and damned to live in places remote from the secured white regions. The societal lives of South Africans were as well exposed to the ruthless Immorality Act of 1950 which believed marriage involving diverse races as unlawful. Moreover, the modification of the Immorality Act in 1957 solicited that even the illustration of plans to create a relationship with somebody of an ethnicity different from yours was prohibited. Under apartheid decree blacks were suppressed from all political doings. The blacks independent rights were seized from them alongside all their civil rights which were forfeited under numerous regulations passed by the state administration. Any political configurations particularly those fashioned with the objective of communicating resistance politics was forbidden through the ratification and execution of the Suppression of Communism Act of 1950. This act offered the basis for onslaught on any sort of political movement despite of whether it was socialist or not. The detached Representation of Voters Act seized the suffrage from the control of the blacks and banned them from partaking in general voting. Sunter Clem (1987) comments that the decrees approved to control political doings were authoritative to a degree that any black who wanted to defy them risked custody demise. Sunter Clem (1987) declares that by 1963 the defence police force had exterminated more than 100 blacks in political altercations. Dozens of thousands were confined to prison many without any trial nor legal representation (Op.cit) The author also remarks that due to the tyrannical and impulsive political indulgence countless blacks died in political remonstrations and conflicts as police force and the armed forces gunned down black campaigners. By expansion The South African Statute Laws gave assertion to the South African argument to imprison any citizen to remote sections or states. The imprisonment sentence involved issues like blacks were forbidden by the country to travel, inscribe, or converse in public. Even more appalling for the blacks those confined had no supremacy to petition against the imposed endorsements. The United Nations classify South Africa as a middle revenue country with a redoubtable contribution of wealth. United Nations furthermore identify SA as a state with well industrialized economic, lawful, communication and transportation segments amid other props of one of Africas financial and political powerhouses. The South African stock trade, the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) is categorized along with the pinnacle twenty in the globe. Ayittey George (2006) clarifies that the generally glowing financial infrastructure from the apartheid government of the post-apartheid black government is innate. The author comments that the financial system leverages a great deal on contemporary infrastructure which chains a proficient allocation of commodities to main hubs right through the Southern African expanse. In 2007, South Africa was categorized as 25th globally in the assessment of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of that year. South Africa is racially varied as apparent through the language strategy which holds 11 official languages. The varied music, dance as well as food from a superfluity of cultures has led to South Africa being one if the major tourist destinations. Society is nevertheless determined by the depressing crime levels which stay on as an evocative indentation to the Southern African powerhouse laden with abundant potentials. Despite having gone through apartheid, South Africa has remained to be an economic thrust in the region and in the whole continent. The present international economic predicament however pressurizes to halt the development that the country has realized in the precedent years. From Dodsons point of view, South Africa belongs to all who live in it, black and white, and that no government can justly claim authority unless it is based on the will of the people. This thought of equal opportunity as well as fairness was the underpinning in South Africa. Regrettably, with the arrival of the Dutch, South Africa turned into a system known as apartheid. Apartheid was a structure that ensured racial isolation, in addition to providing the whites with the power to rule above all the other races. Despite the fact that the blacks had made trials to stop the whites from gaining power. There came the effects that enclosed every facet of their life together with work, education and property. Despite all the protesting by the blacks, their attempted way out did not reasonably work. Ultimately apartheid ended in the spring of 1994. Apartheid is truly a social injustice since it brought suffering to non-white people as well as depriving them of their God given rights and privileges.

Analysis of ‘Frankenstein’ by Mary Shelley Essay

Using close analysis of ‘Frankenstein’ by Mary Shelley and ‘Dracula’ by Bram Stoker, explain, using evidence, how both contain the characteristics of the gothic horror genre. I have been asked to write an essay comparing the two gothic horror novels, ‘Frankenstein’ and ‘Dracula’, explaining the characteristics of gothic horror. Frankenstein was written in 1818 by Mary Shelley. Shelley was born in August of 1797; during this time was a high interest of gothic horror genre. Shelley was inspired to write Frankenstein by the emotions she felt loosing her children. Shelley’s hopes of re-animating a corpse are transferred through the character or victor. The fact the novel is of the gothic horror genre was possibly the influence of the period it was written. The plot deals with the conflict within Frankenstein. Due to his love of the sciences he resurrects parts of dead corpses to form one monster like creature. Victor’s dreams to create a new life are demolished when Victor rejects the disgusting sight along with all people. The monster misunderstood and alone decides to take revenge by killing the people most close to Victor. Victor realises it is only him who can and must destroy what he created. But whilst he attempts this he is requested by the monster to create him another monster like companion. Caught between two moral responsibilities, his responsibility for his own creation and that towards the human race, Victor decides not to give life to a second creature. As a result the monster does what is most feared by Frankenstein and kills Frankenstein true love, Elizabeth. The monster, with no meaning of life, kills himself horrifically. Frankenstein’s main moral is don’t judge on appearance. Bram Stoker was born in 1847 and wrote Dracula in 1987. His vampire tale was supposedly the result of indigestion from a very spicy curry that resulted in a restless night of nightmares. ‘Dracula’ is the story of a vampire, Count Dracula, who lives in Transylvania. Jonathan Harker, a Lawyer travels to Dracula’s castle. It is there Jonathan discovers Dracula to be a vampire. He somehow manages to escape in an immense state of fear and shock. As a result to other vampiristic behaviour to Jonathan and others a group is formed consisting of Doctor Sword, Van Helsing, Jonathan and Mina who begin a pursuit for Dracula. They reach Transylvania and successfully destroy Dracula. The main moral to the story of Dracula is, no matter how powerful either side, in the battle of good versus evil good always triumphs over evil.

Erich Maria Remarque and the Nature of War Essay

Unlike truly historical works emphasizing the human side of war, for example, Cornelius Ryan’s The Longest Day or A Bridge Too Far, in which the author provides highly detailed accounts of historical events through the eyes of participants leading to an objective treatment and analysis of those events, Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front is a novelization of the experience of German soldiers in World War I. Remarque thus follows a literary line which includes William Shakespeare’s Henry V, Stephen Crane’s The Red Badge of Courage, and Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace and extends through cinematic efforts such as â€Å"The Big Red One† and â€Å"The Hurt Locker†, which utilize historical context in order to examine the transformative nature of war on those most intimately involved. Each work examines a central theme, e.g., patriotism, cowardice, social change, brotherhood, etc., interwoven with and supported by details of v arious wars. The particular details chosen by the authors, with the possible exception of Tolstoy who seemingly left nothing out of his opus, are those lending support to that central theme. Thus, to understand the process used by Remarque in making his choice of which details of World War I to include in All Quiet on the Western Front, one must first ascertain his thesis and its origin. Referring to the biographical notes following the novel, we learn that Remarque â€Å"was himself in combat during World War I, and was wounded five times, the last time very severely (Remarque, 1928, p. 297).† That during the time of his service Remarque was near the age of his protagonist, Paul Baumer, suggests an autobiographical nature to the novel and lends credence to the story that no second hand account could provide. Yet Remarque does not take the opportunity to provide closure to his experience or to provide a set of objective conclusions to the war. Drawing again from the biographical notes, Remarque possessed â€Å"intense determination to concentrate in his fiction upon the worst horrors of the age, war and inhumanity (Remarque, 1928, p. 297)†. Three major themes can be found within All Quiet on the Western Front combining to support Remarque’s ideology – the legitimacy of statehood, the futility of war, and the dehumanizing effects of war. Given his experiences and his viewpoint, what details did Remarque expound upon and to what purpose? In a discussion  among the soldiers as to the origins of the war, they openly question the authority by which war was declared. When Tjaden asks how wars begin, Albert answers, â€Å"Mostly by one country badly offending another (Remarque, 1928, p. 205).† Yet it is this notion of country which perplexes the most. In Europe’s past, wars were fought over disputes between smaller nation states by order and to the benefit of local rulers. This was clearly not the case in World War I, a fact not lost on the soldiers: â€Å"But what I would like to know,† says Albert, â€Å"is whether there would have been a war if the Kaiser had said No.† â€Å"I’m sure there would,† I (Paul) interject, â€Å"he was against it from the first (Remarque, 1928, p. 203).† What the soldiers had not yet come to terms with was the rampant nationalism that had swept Europe. Rising from the Industrial Revolution, nurtured by the Atlantic revolutions, and spurred by the globalization of trade, Europeans of smaller states set aside their notions of subjects under a common ruling dynasty to a sense of unity among peoples bound by blood, customs and culture. â€Å"All of this encouraged political and cultural leaders to articulate an appealing of their particular nations and ensured a growing circle of people receptive to such ideas. Thus the idea of â€Å"nation† was constructed or even invented, but it was often presented as an awakening of older linguistic or cultural identities (Strayer, 2011, p. 797).† Such were the notions the young schoolboys received from their schoolmaster Kantorek who spoke of country and honor before shepherding them to their enlistment. Yet, when those identities failed to adequately address the cultures affected, as in Austria-Hungary, nationalism failed to suppress dissent. With the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, by a Serbian nationalist, the system of rigid alliances established among the emerging nations plunged the world into war (Strayer, 2011, p. 979). After further reflection, the soldiers began to understand how they came to be in a war whose causes could not be satisfactorily explained by patriotism alone: â€Å"State and home-country, there’s a big difference.† (Kat) â€Å"But they go together,† insists Kropp, â€Å"Without the State there wouldn’t be a home country (Remarque, 1928, p. 205).† Remarque addresses the futility of war in various ways. He describes the effects of the material  advantages of the Allies throughout the war, particularly following the entrance of American forces, foretelling defeat for Germany in a war of attrition: â€Å"Our lines are falling back. There are too many fresh English and American regiments over there. There’s too much corned beef and white wheaten bread. There are too many new guns. Too many aeroplanes. But we are emaciated and starved. Our food is bad and mixed with so much substitute stuff it makes us ill†¦..Our artillery is fired out, it has too few shells and the barrels are so worn that they shoot uncertainly and scatter so widely as even to fall on ourselves (Remarque, 1928, p. 280).† Most tellingly, Remarque condemns the madness of trench warfare which â€Å"resulted in enormous casualties while gaining or losing only a few yards of muddy, blood-soaked ground (Strayer, 2011, p. 982).† Paul’s Company engages in a protracted, vicious trench battle in Chapter Six in which they are first driven back in retreat, regain the lost ground after an hour to eat, and push forward into the French trenches before realizing their new position is untenable. â€Å"The fight ceases. We lose touch with the enemy. We cannot stay here long but must retire under cover of our artillery to our own position (Remarque, 1928, p. 117).† In the end, it was everything ventured, nothing gained. The senseless loss of life on both sides and the indifference to the carnage is highlighted in his description of the battlefield itself. â€Å"The days are hot and the dead lie unburied. We cannot fetch them all in, if we did we should not know what to do with them. The shells wil l bury them (Remarque, 1928, pp. 125-126).† Lastly, Remarque relentlessly stresses the dehumanization of the soldiers throughout the course of the war. In his forward, Remarque makes his purpose for writing All Quiet on the Western Front clear: â€Å"It will try to simply tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped shells, were destroyed by the war (Remarque, 1928, p. i).† The first step in the process comes with the realization that those shaping their future have done so with an agenda of their own. In speaking of Kantorek the schoolmaster and Corporal Himmelstoss, Paul reflects, â€Å"For us lads of eighteen they ought to have been mediators and guides to the world of maturity, the world of work, of duty, of culture, of progress – to the future†¦the idea of authority, which they represented, was associated in our  minds with a greater insight and a more humane wisdom. But the first death we saw shattered this belief (Remarque, 1928, p. 12).† The second phase in the downward spiral is presented as the desensitization of the individual. Remarque portrays this through the soldier’s continued acceptance of the squalor of their condition. Through poor rations, living in mud filled trenches, and being in constant fear for their lives from regular shelling associated with trench warfare and from the use of a deadly new weapon, mustard gas, Paul and his comrades develop a detached persona which shields them from their hideous reality: â€Å"Just as we turn into animals when we go up to the line, because it is the only thing which brings us through safely, so we turn into wags and loafer when we are resting†¦We want to live at any price so we cannot burden ourselves with feelings which, though they might be ornamental enough in peacetime, would be out of place here (Remarque, 1928, pp. 138-139).† A third phase lies in the objectification of the soldier by others. Remarque best accomplishes this in his portrayal of medical treatment for the wounded. Early on, he establishes this premise through the death of Franz Kemmerich. A lack of supplies has denied him morphine to reduce his suffering. The higher than expected casualty count has begun to turn doctors into processors of human flesh: â€Å"One operation after another since five-o’clock this morning. You know, today alone there have been sixteen deaths – yours is the seventeenth. There will probably be twenty altogether – (Remarque, 1928, p. 32).† Kemmerich’s body is quickly processed: â€Å"We must take him away at once, we want the bed. Outside they are lying on the floor (Remarque, 1928, p. 32).† As the war drags on and casualties mount, the individual casualty becomes less a patient and more a number. Following an injury, Paul enters the hospital to learn of the latest advance in wartime triage: â€Å"A little room at the corner of the building. Whoever is about to kick the bucket is put in there. There are two beds in it. It is generally called the Dying Room. They don’t have much work to do afterwards. It is more convenient, too, because it lies right beside the lift to the mortuary (Remarque, 1928, p. 257).† Through his experience in the hospital, Paul comes to a stark realization, and Remarque drives home his point: â€Å"A man cannot realize that above such shattered bodies there are still human faces in which life goes its daily round. And this is only one hospital,  one single station; there are hundreds of thousands in Germany, hundreds of thousands in France, hundreds of thousands in Russia. How senseless is anything that can ever be written, done, or thought, when such things are possible. It must be all lies and of no account when the culture of a thousand years could not prevent this stream of blood being poured out, these torture-chambers in their hundreds of thousands. A hospital alone shows what war is (Remarque, 1928, p. 263).† The ultimate phase is the transition of the soldier from object to invisibility. Paul’s death, and the â€Å"matter if fact† manner in which Remarque presents it, stands in stark contrast to the official report of the day – â€Å"All quiet on the Western front. (Remarque, 1928, p. 296).† The fate of a man has been subordinated to the fate of a nation without the nation realizing his sacrifice. Throughout All Quiet on the Western Front, Erich Maria Remarque selects his details of World War I to support his themes decrying nationalism, the meaningless state of war, and the disintegration of the human spirit through the pursuit of warfare. No mention is made of specific battles or individual acts of heroism. The lack of specificity adds to the tone of the general, unyielding nature of war. Heroism, writ with a capital â€Å"H†, is a concept not to be found in Remarque’s world of war. In presenting his details of World War I, Remarque remains unyielding in his portrait of the destruction of the human condition on the altar of national pride. REFERENCES Remarque, E. M. (1928). All quiet on the western front. Ballantine Books. Strayer, R. W. (2011). Ways of the world; a brief global history with sources, volume 2: Since 1500. 7th edition: Bedford/St. Martins.