History Essay about Apartheid

History Essay about Apartheid Following the stretched history of Europes imperialism, the 1948s National Party election ushered in a novel historical dispensation in the South African social, political as well as economic landscapes. The national party intensified and officialised the apparatus of racial segregation under both the British and the Dutch rule. As noted by Ayittey (1996), the coalition which constituted the national party in addition to other consequent South African governments standardized separatist directive which resulted in the effectual categorization of persons according to races. The organization was planned in a way such that the White minority marginalised the black majority to its management in a deceitful system well-known jointly as apartheid. The existence of the dispensation placed the white minority on a favourable platform than their black majority counterparts. The ruling white minority and who were at the top of the hierarchy in the South African society controlled the social-eco nomic affairs as well as the political arena. Ayietty (1996) took note of the fact that the white acquired all the positions that ensured that they sustained and fully enjoyed the proceeds of the countrys industrialization whilst the black majority lurched in scarcity and estrangement in the margins of a racist and devious regime. In addition, Esler (1996) discovered that while the white minority had full access to a high standard of life similar to that of developed countries, the black majority lingered in the sphere of mediocre education, poverty, in addition to pitiable living standards. This situation in all aspects of life led to the prevalence of low life expectancy among the blacks. South Africa had simply turned into a state that was governed by following the propositions of the whites-only referendum. Subsequently, South Africa split up from other former colonies including the Commonwealth group of British colonies. Apartheid was an ostracized political dogma which was out rightly destined in the whole world, Esler (1996) pointed out that apartheid was set up at a time when the human race had already gone through the impact of imperialism and racial discrimination culminating from the devious slavery system in America as well as the scramble for Africa. The instruments of apartheid led to isolation a nd the divestment South Africa from conventional global doings in political social as well as economic realms. The separatist and racist apartheid legislations ensured that the blacks remained at the margins of the major economic activity. On the other hand, the enacted coterie of pass legislations made it hard for the blacks majority to have access to the income generating opportunities as well as well-paid jobs in the white zones. A statement by Jean (1989) reveals that the apartheid regime made it nearly impossible and difficult for the blacks to be involved in any economic activity. For instance, most women who attempted venturing into commercial beer brewing were often raided by the police and labelled as deviants. (Op.cit) indication to the economic control imposed on women by the apartheid system was the actuality that the existence of women in towns was illegal in the authoritarian assertion of pass laws. In addition, Black men were also barred from making a living in the desirable White Zones A considerable percentage of blacks were employed in the farms owned by the whites where earnings were astonishingly low. Entrance to towns where one could have landed on a lucrative job or even better income earning prospects was closely safeguarded by the racially prejudiced regime through the implementation of stringent pass laws. The pass laws were accompanied by an endorsement in and endorsement out clause. The part was set for use by employers who in return use the clause while condemning or recommending pass holders. Subsequently, the stage administering the economic indulgence constrained the blacks to deprived rural areas identified then as Bantustans. Numerous of these reserves were supposed to be in premeditated poverty by way of prohibiting access to private possessions as part of the invasive feint customized to gag the economic opulence of black South Africans. The condition of the pass laws created for the black South Africans was part of a holistic ruse to influence the capitalist method on cheap labour. The establishment and enactment of Pass laws made it possible for the regime to incarcerate most of the black South Africans to stations where human labour was required the most like in the farms. The circumstances came with substantial law pass linked arrests in urban areas where criminals were ferried to white farms to be used as prison labourers. Verwoerd delineated that controls regarding emigration had to be stiffened to avert manpower from departing the white farming areas and instead turn into loafers in the city. (Hayward Jean 1989) One illuminate societal impact of apartheid in South Africa was its considerable effect on women. Women endured the dual brunt of gender segregation as well as racial discrimination. According to Lowis (1996), the oppression of black women was dissimilar from the type of repression directed at men. Women under apartheid had no rights (Lowis, 1996). The researcher underscores that in the profound hand of apartheid women were not allowed to access education, they had neither rights to own property nor any legal rights. Several black women had found their only financial consolation in mean jobs as either domestic workers or in the farms for meagre wages. The majority of the women had to undergo the depressing reality of horrible poverty which increased the death rate of children who heavily suffered from malnutrition. On the public facade, one main feature of the deceitful system of apartheid was the stratification and classification of people as per their respective races. Legislations such as the Population Registration Act of 1950 were enacted to assist in the categorization of all South African citizens with respect to their race. The major Classifications recognized consisted of the Whites, the Black as well as the coloured. From a different front the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act of 1953 was used to create split public facilities for use by both the blacks and the whites. This was the driving force of the apartheid philosophy which supported the racial differences as the source for nationalist economic social, as well as political policies. Sebastian (1992) highlights that the execution of the apartheid system supposed that South Africa was the first state in the world to legalize racism. In addition, Sebastian (1992) alluded to apartheid as a very repressive system that was intended to be a tool for overbearing the economic lives of all the black individuals as well as their respective physical locality. The writer notes anyone found without an approved job would be relocated off the urban or white zones. This resulted in a scenario where blacks working in urban areas lived as annual immigrants. The black were required to subsist in two different worlds where they may possibly just live with their families in remote rural area on one occasion in a long while and then travel into urban areas for over eleven months to fend for their relatives in the city, in the mines or in the mines. On the worldwide collective dais, the organization of apartheid in South Africa led to the seclusion of South Africa in worldwide sport in the mid 1950s. It should be highlighted that apartheid barred multiracial sport which had the implication that South Africa could not take part in international teams as these teams consisted of numerous races. Demands from associations such as the Non-Racial South African Sport Association put pressure on South Africa. The association made efforts and lobbied the International Committee to put weight on the South African government to influence and rectify its racial sports policies and institutions. The xenophobic antics of the apartheid were propagated and local as well as international pressure groups pushed for more efficient seclusion of South Africa. The apartheid ploy comprised of a coterie of incorporated financial and political procedures harmonized by societal strategies modified to incarcerate the black mainstream to environs of the South Africa culture. The pass regulations ended in a methodical demolition of the family component as well as the whole cultural and societal structure of the black preponderance. The popularity of felony in the slums is strongly linked with adverse state of affairs in which children are brought by principally struggling single parents, especially mothers, dwelling in the slums where the regulative father facet is constantly absent. Mermelstein David (1987) points out that a major aspect that served as a profound blow to the black community was the element of education. The blacks were supplied with a doctored Bantu learning syllabus which simply equipped the black to minister to the consumerist desires of their white masters. The definite form of education prospectus crafted in forged means to maintain blacks at the overhaul of their white masters meant that learning was not compulsory and as essential as was the case for white children. The issue policies in significant subjects for instance science, math and languages made the blacks linger in restricted profession prospects with inability to contend with their white counterparts. The education catastrophe was exasperated by University isolation which was executed in 1959 to capitulate devastating results for the blacks. Mermelstein David (1987) commented that the effects of schooling strategies are far severe than the situation tinted by South Africas school turnout and literacy facts. The researcher declares that the majority of the South Africans supposedly learned are in actuality functionally ignorant from a developed functionality perception whereas scores of those scheduled as attending school create negligible advancementÂÂ  over the years due to stumpy turnout and pass statistics. The doctored apartheid informative strategy not only dented the black societal framework but also damaged the apartheid financial system and fashioned restraining vicinities which were not in cycle with formation of a pulsating autonomous financial system. Mermelstein David (1987) explains that Apartheid teaching guidelines resulted in locating back human resource formation past a distinct generation which consequently fashioned the most essential of all financial limitations on the outlook and prediction of the advancement and growth of the state financial system and independentÂÂ  society in general. Albert Luthuli was the initial leader of black emancipation faction the African National Congress from the year 1925 to 1960. The black association idol was awarded a Nobel Peace reward for the responsibility that he cooperated in combating ethnic brutality in the 1960s. The resistance was fought from assorted angles attributing diverse conquerors at diverse intonations of the fig ht back which terminated in the voting of the ANC into authority in 1994 at the time Nelson Mandela turned out to be the earliest black president of South Africa. The Apartheid system restricted blacks in the echelon of tyranny by endorsing regulations to prohibit the dispute of blacks against the ills of the status quo. The nationwide labour decree for example was propagated to limit blacks and the citizens of colour from objecting the performance of the indigenous labour Act of 1953. In the principle of the Act Suckling, John et al (1988) remarks that the regimes administrators were given the authority to proclaim states of emergency and augment the forms of punishment that the administration were to impose. One such extraordinary state of emergency transpired at Sharpeville where almost 69 blacks died in a brutal spar amid the state military and the black protestors. The apartheid government had numerous grasps on the societal lives of the blacks. Suckling John et al (1988) comments that the rules which explicitly dealt with individual privileges necessitated that couples get country consent prior to living jointly. State establishments would either award or deny the rights of the black couples for feeble explanations frequently found on what the country usually deemed to be surplus blacks. Under the individual decrees families considered as excess were thrown out of the Bantustans and damned to live in places remote from the secured white regions. The societal lives of South Africans were as well exposed to the ruthless Immorality Act of 1950 which believed marriage involving diverse races as unlawful. Moreover, the modification of the Immorality Act in 1957 solicited that even the illustration of plans to create a relationship with somebody of an ethnicity different from yours was prohibited. Under apartheid decree blacks were suppressed from all political doings. The blacks independent rights were seized from them alongside all their civil rights which were forfeited under numerous regulations passed by the state administration. Any political configurations particularly those fashioned with the objective of communicating resistance politics was forbidden through the ratification and execution of the Suppression of Communism Act of 1950. This act offered the basis for onslaught on any sort of political movement despite of whether it was socialist or not. The detached Representation of Voters Act seized the suffrage from the control of the blacks and banned them from partaking in general voting. Sunter Clem (1987) comments that the decrees approved to control political doings were authoritative to a degree that any black who wanted to defy them risked custody demise. Sunter Clem (1987) declares that by 1963 the defence police force had exterminated more than 100 blacks in political altercations. Dozens of thousands were confined to prison many without any trial nor legal representation (Op.cit) The author also remarks that due to the tyrannical and impulsive political indulgence countless blacks died in political remonstrations and conflicts as police force and the armed forces gunned down black campaigners. By expansion The South African Statute Laws gave assertion to the South African argument to imprison any citizen to remote sections or states. The imprisonment sentence involved issues like blacks were forbidden by the country to travel, inscribe, or converse in public. Even more appalling for the blacks those confined had no supremacy to petition against the imposed endorsements. The United Nations classify South Africa as a middle revenue country with a redoubtable contribution of wealth. United Nations furthermore identify SA as a state with well industrialized economic, lawful, communication and transportation segments amid other props of one of Africas financial and political powerhouses. The South African stock trade, the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) is categorized along with the pinnacle twenty in the globe. Ayittey George (2006) clarifies that the generally glowing financial infrastructure from the apartheid government of the post-apartheid black government is innate. The author comments that the financial system leverages a great deal on contemporary infrastructure which chains a proficient allocation of commodities to main hubs right through the Southern African expanse. In 2007, South Africa was categorized as 25th globally in the assessment of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of that year. South Africa is racially varied as apparent through the language strategy which holds 11 official languages. The varied music, dance as well as food from a superfluity of cultures has led to South Africa being one if the major tourist destinations. Society is nevertheless determined by the depressing crime levels which stay on as an evocative indentation to the Southern African powerhouse laden with abundant potentials. Despite having gone through apartheid, South Africa has remained to be an economic thrust in the region and in the whole continent. The present international economic predicament however pressurizes to halt the development that the country has realized in the precedent years. From Dodsons point of view, South Africa belongs to all who live in it, black and white, and that no government can justly claim authority unless it is based on the will of the people. This thought of equal opportunity as well as fairness was the underpinning in South Africa. Regrettably, with the arrival of the Dutch, South Africa turned into a system known as apartheid. Apartheid was a structure that ensured racial isolation, in addition to providing the whites with the power to rule above all the other races. Despite the fact that the blacks had made trials to stop the whites from gaining power. There came the effects that enclosed every facet of their life together with work, education and property. Despite all the protesting by the blacks, their attempted way out did not reasonably work. Ultimately apartheid ended in the spring of 1994. Apartheid is truly a social injustice since it brought suffering to non-white people as well as depriving them of their God given rights and privileges.

Analysis of ‘Frankenstein’ by Mary Shelley Essay

Using close analysis of ‘Frankenstein’ by Mary Shelley and ‘Dracula’ by Bram Stoker, explain, using evidence, how both contain the characteristics of the gothic horror genre. I have been asked to write an essay comparing the two gothic horror novels, ‘Frankenstein’ and ‘Dracula’, explaining the characteristics of gothic horror. Frankenstein was written in 1818 by Mary Shelley. Shelley was born in August of 1797; during this time was a high interest of gothic horror genre. Shelley was inspired to write Frankenstein by the emotions she felt loosing her children. Shelley’s hopes of re-animating a corpse are transferred through the character or victor. The fact the novel is of the gothic horror genre was possibly the influence of the period it was written. The plot deals with the conflict within Frankenstein. Due to his love of the sciences he resurrects parts of dead corpses to form one monster like creature. Victor’s dreams to create a new life are demolished when Victor rejects the disgusting sight along with all people. The monster misunderstood and alone decides to take revenge by killing the people most close to Victor. Victor realises it is only him who can and must destroy what he created. But whilst he attempts this he is requested by the monster to create him another monster like companion. Caught between two moral responsibilities, his responsibility for his own creation and that towards the human race, Victor decides not to give life to a second creature. As a result the monster does what is most feared by Frankenstein and kills Frankenstein true love, Elizabeth. The monster, with no meaning of life, kills himself horrifically. Frankenstein’s main moral is don’t judge on appearance. Bram Stoker was born in 1847 and wrote Dracula in 1987. His vampire tale was supposedly the result of indigestion from a very spicy curry that resulted in a restless night of nightmares. ‘Dracula’ is the story of a vampire, Count Dracula, who lives in Transylvania. Jonathan Harker, a Lawyer travels to Dracula’s castle. It is there Jonathan discovers Dracula to be a vampire. He somehow manages to escape in an immense state of fear and shock. As a result to other vampiristic behaviour to Jonathan and others a group is formed consisting of Doctor Sword, Van Helsing, Jonathan and Mina who begin a pursuit for Dracula. They reach Transylvania and successfully destroy Dracula. The main moral to the story of Dracula is, no matter how powerful either side, in the battle of good versus evil good always triumphs over evil.

Erich Maria Remarque and the Nature of War Essay

Unlike truly historical works emphasizing the human side of war, for example, Cornelius Ryan’s The Longest Day or A Bridge Too Far, in which the author provides highly detailed accounts of historical events through the eyes of participants leading to an objective treatment and analysis of those events, Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front is a novelization of the experience of German soldiers in World War I. Remarque thus follows a literary line which includes William Shakespeare’s Henry V, Stephen Crane’s The Red Badge of Courage, and Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace and extends through cinematic efforts such as â€Å"The Big Red One† and â€Å"The Hurt Locker†, which utilize historical context in order to examine the transformative nature of war on those most intimately involved. Each work examines a central theme, e.g., patriotism, cowardice, social change, brotherhood, etc., interwoven with and supported by details of v arious wars. The particular details chosen by the authors, with the possible exception of Tolstoy who seemingly left nothing out of his opus, are those lending support to that central theme. Thus, to understand the process used by Remarque in making his choice of which details of World War I to include in All Quiet on the Western Front, one must first ascertain his thesis and its origin. Referring to the biographical notes following the novel, we learn that Remarque â€Å"was himself in combat during World War I, and was wounded five times, the last time very severely (Remarque, 1928, p. 297).† That during the time of his service Remarque was near the age of his protagonist, Paul Baumer, suggests an autobiographical nature to the novel and lends credence to the story that no second hand account could provide. Yet Remarque does not take the opportunity to provide closure to his experience or to provide a set of objective conclusions to the war. Drawing again from the biographical notes, Remarque possessed â€Å"intense determination to concentrate in his fiction upon the worst horrors of the age, war and inhumanity (Remarque, 1928, p. 297)†. Three major themes can be found within All Quiet on the Western Front combining to support Remarque’s ideology – the legitimacy of statehood, the futility of war, and the dehumanizing effects of war. Given his experiences and his viewpoint, what details did Remarque expound upon and to what purpose? In a discussion  among the soldiers as to the origins of the war, they openly question the authority by which war was declared. When Tjaden asks how wars begin, Albert answers, â€Å"Mostly by one country badly offending another (Remarque, 1928, p. 205).† Yet it is this notion of country which perplexes the most. In Europe’s past, wars were fought over disputes between smaller nation states by order and to the benefit of local rulers. This was clearly not the case in World War I, a fact not lost on the soldiers: â€Å"But what I would like to know,† says Albert, â€Å"is whether there would have been a war if the Kaiser had said No.† â€Å"I’m sure there would,† I (Paul) interject, â€Å"he was against it from the first (Remarque, 1928, p. 203).† What the soldiers had not yet come to terms with was the rampant nationalism that had swept Europe. Rising from the Industrial Revolution, nurtured by the Atlantic revolutions, and spurred by the globalization of trade, Europeans of smaller states set aside their notions of subjects under a common ruling dynasty to a sense of unity among peoples bound by blood, customs and culture. â€Å"All of this encouraged political and cultural leaders to articulate an appealing of their particular nations and ensured a growing circle of people receptive to such ideas. Thus the idea of â€Å"nation† was constructed or even invented, but it was often presented as an awakening of older linguistic or cultural identities (Strayer, 2011, p. 797).† Such were the notions the young schoolboys received from their schoolmaster Kantorek who spoke of country and honor before shepherding them to their enlistment. Yet, when those identities failed to adequately address the cultures affected, as in Austria-Hungary, nationalism failed to suppress dissent. With the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, by a Serbian nationalist, the system of rigid alliances established among the emerging nations plunged the world into war (Strayer, 2011, p. 979). After further reflection, the soldiers began to understand how they came to be in a war whose causes could not be satisfactorily explained by patriotism alone: â€Å"State and home-country, there’s a big difference.† (Kat) â€Å"But they go together,† insists Kropp, â€Å"Without the State there wouldn’t be a home country (Remarque, 1928, p. 205).† Remarque addresses the futility of war in various ways. He describes the effects of the material  advantages of the Allies throughout the war, particularly following the entrance of American forces, foretelling defeat for Germany in a war of attrition: â€Å"Our lines are falling back. There are too many fresh English and American regiments over there. There’s too much corned beef and white wheaten bread. There are too many new guns. Too many aeroplanes. But we are emaciated and starved. Our food is bad and mixed with so much substitute stuff it makes us ill†¦..Our artillery is fired out, it has too few shells and the barrels are so worn that they shoot uncertainly and scatter so widely as even to fall on ourselves (Remarque, 1928, p. 280).† Most tellingly, Remarque condemns the madness of trench warfare which â€Å"resulted in enormous casualties while gaining or losing only a few yards of muddy, blood-soaked ground (Strayer, 2011, p. 982).† Paul’s Company engages in a protracted, vicious trench battle in Chapter Six in which they are first driven back in retreat, regain the lost ground after an hour to eat, and push forward into the French trenches before realizing their new position is untenable. â€Å"The fight ceases. We lose touch with the enemy. We cannot stay here long but must retire under cover of our artillery to our own position (Remarque, 1928, p. 117).† In the end, it was everything ventured, nothing gained. The senseless loss of life on both sides and the indifference to the carnage is highlighted in his description of the battlefield itself. â€Å"The days are hot and the dead lie unburied. We cannot fetch them all in, if we did we should not know what to do with them. The shells wil l bury them (Remarque, 1928, pp. 125-126).† Lastly, Remarque relentlessly stresses the dehumanization of the soldiers throughout the course of the war. In his forward, Remarque makes his purpose for writing All Quiet on the Western Front clear: â€Å"It will try to simply tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped shells, were destroyed by the war (Remarque, 1928, p. i).† The first step in the process comes with the realization that those shaping their future have done so with an agenda of their own. In speaking of Kantorek the schoolmaster and Corporal Himmelstoss, Paul reflects, â€Å"For us lads of eighteen they ought to have been mediators and guides to the world of maturity, the world of work, of duty, of culture, of progress – to the future†¦the idea of authority, which they represented, was associated in our  minds with a greater insight and a more humane wisdom. But the first death we saw shattered this belief (Remarque, 1928, p. 12).† The second phase in the downward spiral is presented as the desensitization of the individual. Remarque portrays this through the soldier’s continued acceptance of the squalor of their condition. Through poor rations, living in mud filled trenches, and being in constant fear for their lives from regular shelling associated with trench warfare and from the use of a deadly new weapon, mustard gas, Paul and his comrades develop a detached persona which shields them from their hideous reality: â€Å"Just as we turn into animals when we go up to the line, because it is the only thing which brings us through safely, so we turn into wags and loafer when we are resting†¦We want to live at any price so we cannot burden ourselves with feelings which, though they might be ornamental enough in peacetime, would be out of place here (Remarque, 1928, pp. 138-139).† A third phase lies in the objectification of the soldier by others. Remarque best accomplishes this in his portrayal of medical treatment for the wounded. Early on, he establishes this premise through the death of Franz Kemmerich. A lack of supplies has denied him morphine to reduce his suffering. The higher than expected casualty count has begun to turn doctors into processors of human flesh: â€Å"One operation after another since five-o’clock this morning. You know, today alone there have been sixteen deaths – yours is the seventeenth. There will probably be twenty altogether – (Remarque, 1928, p. 32).† Kemmerich’s body is quickly processed: â€Å"We must take him away at once, we want the bed. Outside they are lying on the floor (Remarque, 1928, p. 32).† As the war drags on and casualties mount, the individual casualty becomes less a patient and more a number. Following an injury, Paul enters the hospital to learn of the latest advance in wartime triage: â€Å"A little room at the corner of the building. Whoever is about to kick the bucket is put in there. There are two beds in it. It is generally called the Dying Room. They don’t have much work to do afterwards. It is more convenient, too, because it lies right beside the lift to the mortuary (Remarque, 1928, p. 257).† Through his experience in the hospital, Paul comes to a stark realization, and Remarque drives home his point: â€Å"A man cannot realize that above such shattered bodies there are still human faces in which life goes its daily round. And this is only one hospital,  one single station; there are hundreds of thousands in Germany, hundreds of thousands in France, hundreds of thousands in Russia. How senseless is anything that can ever be written, done, or thought, when such things are possible. It must be all lies and of no account when the culture of a thousand years could not prevent this stream of blood being poured out, these torture-chambers in their hundreds of thousands. A hospital alone shows what war is (Remarque, 1928, p. 263).† The ultimate phase is the transition of the soldier from object to invisibility. Paul’s death, and the â€Å"matter if fact† manner in which Remarque presents it, stands in stark contrast to the official report of the day – â€Å"All quiet on the Western front. (Remarque, 1928, p. 296).† The fate of a man has been subordinated to the fate of a nation without the nation realizing his sacrifice. Throughout All Quiet on the Western Front, Erich Maria Remarque selects his details of World War I to support his themes decrying nationalism, the meaningless state of war, and the disintegration of the human spirit through the pursuit of warfare. No mention is made of specific battles or individual acts of heroism. The lack of specificity adds to the tone of the general, unyielding nature of war. Heroism, writ with a capital â€Å"H†, is a concept not to be found in Remarque’s world of war. In presenting his details of World War I, Remarque remains unyielding in his portrait of the destruction of the human condition on the altar of national pride. REFERENCES Remarque, E. M. (1928). All quiet on the western front. Ballantine Books. Strayer, R. W. (2011). Ways of the world; a brief global history with sources, volume 2: Since 1500. 7th edition: Bedford/St. Martins.

Chanels Influence On Fashion Essay - 866 Words

Chanel’s Influence on Fashion Coco Chanel was one of the most influential fashion designers of the Twentieth Century and she was the first significant female fashion designer. The fashion world was impacted by Chanel’s phoenix like return to fashion after her retirement in 1953. Chanel introduced men and women to practical yet elegant styles. Although Chanel has been deceased for forty-one years her undeniable influence on fashion and women’s roles in society will be remembered for generations to come. Coco Chanel was an iconic designer and continues to inspire men and women around the world. Like many successful designers Coco had humble beginnings as a hat designer in 1910. Her unique hat styles made her noteworthy in the Parisian†¦show more content†¦The comfortable but exquisite clothing liberated women. Chanel revolutionized the perfume and jewelry industry. Chanel created Chanel Number Five in 1924. By 1925 Chanel perfume was also being distributed on a worldwide scale. Chanelâ€⠄¢s perfumes bring a significant percent of a profit for the company, more than its sales in other in other areas combined. Today Chanel Number Five sells a bottle every day thirty seconds. Costume jewelry was another item that became popular due to Chanel’s influence in the early 1920’s. She was the first designer to gain the social acceptability of wearing fake jewels. She said, â€Å"Costume jewelry is not made to give women an aura of wealth but to make them beautiful† (Picardie 76). Her jewelry and perfume lines are still best sellers in the jewelry and perfume market. The Great Depression and World War II affected Chanel’s success as most consumers could no longer afford her clothing. However, Chanel still was selling her fashions to buyers from India, Asia, South America and the Middle East as they eagerly sought her designs during the almost worldwide Depression (Inoue). Due to World War II Chanel closed all her boutiques and moved to Switzerland. 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Chanel wanted to orchestrate fashion and function. â€Å"Luxury must be comfortable otherwise it is not luxury (Chanel).† Her very high standards and her innate knack for fashion helped propel her to the summit of the fashion world. Coco Chanel’s upbringingRead MoreCoco Chanels Influence on Womens Rights2572 Words   |  11 Pagesthe woman’s role in society through revolutionizing women’s fashion. Chanel was the first couture fashion designer to cater to the independent European woman, rejecting the corset and, instead, promoting less binding, â€Å"boyish† attire for the modern, working woman. To determine the extent to which Coco Chanel influenced the European feminist movement in the early twentieth century, this investigation will examine the ways in which Chanel’s unique designs such as the â€Å"Little Black Dress† and women’sRead MoreMarketing essay on Chanel4291 Words   |  18 PagesJanuary 2013 Markets, Marketing and Strategy Report MMS Report, 1 January 2013 Markets Marketing and Strategy Report Executiv summary : This report provides an analysis and evaluation of Chanel’s marketing strategies and of its place in the Luxury market today. Methods of analysis include three theorical models that help to understand the complexity of Chanel business environment and its main resources. Those three models are: PESTEL, SWOT and 5 Porter’s forces. In thisRead MoreCfew2473 Words   |  10 Pages------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form * Born:  August 19, 1882 in Saumur, France * Died:  January 10, 1971 in Paris, France * Nationality:  French * Occupation:  Fashion designer Legend.  Coco  Chanel  once declared, Legend is the consecration of celebrity, and no other fashion designer in history has exceeded either  Chanels celebrity or her legend. She was a fiercely independent lover of dukes, industrialists, and artists; a confidante of many of the creative geniuses of her day—among themRead MoreCoco Chanel1043 Words   |  5 Pageswent to live with him when she was aged 25. Chanel’s appearance was always very modest and neat, very different to that of Baslan’s rich friends who were always very made up with lace and frills. Baslan owned alot of horses and was into horse racing, Chanel learnt to ride whilst living with him, women traditionally wore side saddle skirts yet Chanel could be found in the same masculine clothes as the stable hands, first showing her rebellion in fashion which eventually translated in her collectionsRead MoreWhat Are the Qualities of a Good Entrepreneur?1744 Words   |  7 Pagescreation, is a heroi c figure in economic development. ( Nafziger, Wayne, 1986) A broader definition by say The entrepreneur shifts economic resources out of lower and into higher productivity and greater yield. ( J. Dees,1998) The most important influence on an individual’s decision to become a good entrepreneur is their qualities and good entrepreneurs have many traits in common: clear vision, self-confidence, creativity, high-energy, self-motivated and good relationship building. Entrepreneurs are